Making of Collateral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Making of Collateral - Essay Example It’s in this perspective that I will critically analyse how creative people have used films to give experience that people will always value. I will look at how the producers and director have put out a finished work that shows creativity and also the practical decisions they have made during the film making process. According to Irving and Rea (2006) filmmaking steps include the preproduction, production, postproduction, and distribution. Filmmaking has two-fold approach in which it is mainly centered on the perspectives of the producer and the director. Their (producer and director) different energies must always merge to create a winning short film or video from script to the final product. On the director’s perspective; Rabiger (2008) explains that directing covers the methods, technologies, thought processes, and judgments that a director must use throughout the fascinating process of making a film. Directing also should help you master technical and conceptual ski lls in the filmmaking process. â€Å"The first time we watch a film; we usually don’t know or think about the artistic decisions that were made during its production.† (Brown, 2002) In my case study, I examine how choices made by filmmakers, lead to artistic results by looking at the production of a single movie. My case study is based on the movie â€Å"Collateral† by Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx directed by Michael Mann. Boucher Geoff (2008) said "The movie had to communicate some inherent truth about the L.A. experience, and only one film per director was allowed on the list" in relation to the movie. Michael Mann’s ‘Collateral† was released in 2004. A psychological crime thriller set in Los Angeles. Vincent (Tom Cruise), a mystifying man hires Max (Jamie Foxx), a cab driver, to drive him to a string of appointments in one night. Max before long learns that those appointments are a chain of killings, he struggles to escape but Vincent forces h im to carry on as a reluctant getaway driver. During that period the two men wrangle verbally and in the end they confront one another. Mann and his crew made numerous decisions during the making of Collateral. Some of the choices made include: one that impacted the film’s form and one apiece for four categories of mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing, and sound. Scriptwriter Stuart Beattie originally set Collateral in New York City. Max was to be portrayed as a loser, hiding from the world in his cab and getting little out of life. Once Mann took charge as a director, he made numerous changes. The setting was changed to Los Angeles. Max became less a loser and more a laid-back, intelligent man content to observe the world from behind a steering wheel and to interact with his passengers, endlessly delaying his plans to start his own limousine service. The story largely consists of this pair interacting, so Mann’s decision to change Max’s traits altered the nat ure of the conflict between them. Max becomes our point-of-view figure for most of the film. Unusually for a film about a professional killer, we don’t see the first murder but stay with Max in the cab until the shocking moment when the body falls onto his cab roof. The switch to Los Angeles affected many aspects of the film’s style. One of the attractions was that this tale of a random crossing of destinies took place almost entirely at night, from 6:04 p.m. to 4:20 a.m. Mann wanted to portray the atmospheric Los Angeles night, this was to make use of L.A night as much of a character in the story as Vincent and Max were. This major decision created much of the film’s look. Mann was determined not to use any more artificial light than was absolutely necessary. He relies to

Advantages and Disadvantages of tables computers for traveling Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of tables computers for traveling salespeople - Essay Example The main aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the growing use of tablet computers by sales people. The paper would also contain a clear view of the various advantages and disadvantages of the tablet computers that can help salespeople to decide whether to choose tablet computers over other portable devices available in the market. The segments of tablet computers are considered to be one of the growing markets amid other electronic gadgets available in the business market. The main reason behind the growing preference of tablet computers over personal computers (PC’s) and laptops is their superiority in terms of convenience and features when compared to other hand held devices. It is worth mentioning that today’s youth also considers tablet as their first choice over mobile phones as they get larger screens and also provides additional advantages like high battery backup, full screen access and also provides the facility of calling over the laptop. The adaption of tablet PC by salesperson can be widely viewed due to their enhanced features and usability. The prime reason behind adapting tablet computers by salesperson it that, it not only provides them the advantage of carrying it anywhere but also helps in securing the data and helps business organization to keep a track of their sales. It also provides them with the facility to connect to any of their colleagues sitting anywhere. The ability to run programs, managing schedules, contacts can also be considered as an additional feature of tablet computers over laptops and other hand held devices. Though there has been continuous debate amid technological critics about the adaption of tablet computers by salespeople. ... The main aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of the growing use of tablet computers by sales people. The paper would also contain a clear view of the various advantages and disadvantages of the tablet computers that can help salespeople to decide whether to choose tablet computers over other portable devices available in the market. Discussion The segments of tablet computers are considered to be one of the growing markets amid other electronic gadgets available in the business market. The main reason behind the growing preference of tablet computers over personal computers (PC’s) and laptops is their superiority in terms of convenience and features when compared to other hand held devices. It is worth mentioning that today’s youth also considers tablet as their first choice over mobile phones as they get larger screens and also provides additional advantages like high battery backup, full screen access and also provides the facility of calling over the laptop. The adaption of tablet PC by salesperson can be widely viewed due to their enhanced features and usability. The prime reason behind adapting tablet computers by salesperson it that, it not only provides them the advantage of carrying it anywhere but also helps in securing the data and helps business organization to keep a track of their sales. It also provides them with the facility to connect to any of their colleagues sitting anywhere. The ability to run programs, managing schedules, contacts can also be considered as an additional feature of tablet computers over laptops and other hand held devices. Though there has been continuous debate amid technological critics about the adaption of tablet computers by salespeople. Furthermore, it has been viewed that business persons

The Basics Of Opnet It

The Basics Of Opnet It In this lab we have followed the instructions that were given in the tutorial from the help menu. We built two networks as the first network that which is having 30 nodes and an internet server those are connected with Optical Fibre cables, and the second network that is having 15 nodes and it was connected to the first network with Optical fibre as well. And we will observe the results like LOAD and DELAY for the first network and We will repeat the same after connecting the second network to the same router. And we can observe in the graphs. Comparisons and review of the networks: All the circuit is been built by placing two networks one in first floor and second in the other floor. And we can observe it in the graph clearly. Figure 1 Both the networks in both first and second floors By the below figure we can notice the delay and Load on the server. When it was not connected to the second network the DELAY and LOAD are as shown in the figure Figure 2 Ethernet Delay (in sec) and Ethernet load (bits/sec) on the server node When the delay is observed in the server there is considerable delay , because server can receive all these nodes at the same time but the nodes are above the limit then there is a chance of delay in the server. Figure 3 This is the compared result of delay between First floor and expansion When the delay is observed in the server there is LOAD, According to this analysis we can say that the distance increased in the network can increase the load . As well as the more number of nodes also increases the load on server. Figure 5 this is the load (bit/sec) for First floor and expansion Conclusion: After this lab we can learn the basics of the OPNET IT GURU .I faced some problems with the terminology and with registration of the softwares whiles installing .This lab helped me in designing the small networks and linking them and comparing the results especially the load and delay Lab 5_ATM ASYNCHRONOUS TANSFER MODE A Connection-Oriented, Cell-Switching Technology Introduction: The goal of this lab is to analyse and examine the effect of Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM adaptation layers and service classes on the performance of the network. There are different layers such as AAL that will discuss in this lab and will provide five service classes that can give a lot of useful information. Objective: To examine the effect of Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM. And provide QoS capabilities through its five service classes: CBR, VBR-rt, VBRnrt, ABR, and UBR. With CBR (constant bit rate). And support all sorts of services, including voice, video, and data by using ATM. To study how the choice of the adaptation layer as well as the service classes can affect the performance of the applications. Procedure: As given in the manual create a new project after completing configured the network; initialized the network, configured the applications, followed by profiles were done. While in the subnets part first configure northeast subnet was completed and add remaining subnets was added. After that choose the statistics was tested and configure the simulation was fixed. Next duplicate the new scenario was duplicated and name it UBR_UBR. Finally run the simulation was run and the view results and analyse. Figure 1 this the CBR_UBR scenario Figure 2 this the design of north east subnet Figure 3 4 indicate the run simulation. Figure 3 Figure 4 View the Results Figure 5 this is the voice diagram that indicate the different delay between the CBR and UBR Questions and Answers 1) Analyse the result we obtained regarding the voice Packet Delay Variation time. Obtain the graphs that compare the Voice packet end-to-end delay, the Email download response time, and the FTP download response time for both scenarios. Comment on the results. Sol When we observe the voice packet delay variation in the above shown figure 5, it indicates the UBR makes delay for voice because of the service class as UBR is using for all applications for ATM Adaption layer AAL5 . While CBR is using AAL2 and we can observe a very smooth service. So we can say that CBR service class is good for Voice applications and UBR service class is good for EMAIL and FTP applications. Figures 6, 7 8 show the graph which compares the Voice packet end-to-end delay ,the Email download response time, and the FTP download response time for both scenarios. Figure 6 in Voice Packer End_ to End Delay (sec) Figure 7 Email Download Response Time (sec) Figure 8 the FTP Download Response Time (sec) By the voice packet end to end indicates that the CBR service is having higher quality when compared to UBR service. By Email download response time when compared responses from both the scenarios. From FTP responses when observed UBR_UBR the responses are beter when compared to CBR_UBR scenario. So as stated before from his graphs UBR is good for Email and FTP but not good for Voice, CBR service is good for Voice. 2) Create another scenario as a duplicate of the CBR_UBR scenario. Name the new scenario Q2_CBR_ABR. In the new scenario you should use the ABR class of service for data, i.e., the FTP and Email applications in the data stations. Compare the performance of the CBR_ABR scenario with that of the CBR_UBR scenario. Hints: To set ABR class of service to a node, assign ABR Only to its ATM Application Parameters attribute and ABR only (Per VC Queue) to its Queue Configuration (one of the ATM Parameters). For all switches in the network (total of 6 switches), configure the Max_Avail_BW of the ABR queue to be 100% and the Min_Guaran_BW to be 20%. Sol Figure 9, the delay variation for both CBR_UBR and Q2_CBR_ABR is similar that means ABR and CBR services are good quality service that uses for voice. Figure 9 this diagram of voice that indicates the delay variation Figure 10, the down load for CBR service is more than ABR service. Figure 10 this is time average for email Figure 11, CBR and ABR services are having same FTP download response time. Figure 11 FTP 3) Edit the FTP application defined in the Applications node so that its File Size is twice the current size (i.e., make it 100000 bytes instead of 50000 bytes). Edit the EMAIL application defined in the Applications node so that its File Size is five times the current size (i.e., make it 10000 bytes instead of 2000 bytes). Study how this affects the voice application performance in both the CBR_UBR and UBR_UBR scenarios. (Hint: to answer this question, you might need to create duplicates of the CBR_UBR and UBR_UBR scenarios. Name the new scenarios Q3_CBR_UBR and Q3_UBR_UBR respectively.) Sol: When we decrease the size of the file the QoS will improve, as the traffic congestion will decrese as in fig.13 and 14, the delay of voice time variation is same and the time average voice packet end to end is also same. And we can say as the decreasing of packet size can decrease traffic congestion. Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Concolusion: After this lab analysing the of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and ATM adaption layers and service classes and their effect on the performance of the network. And it taught me how to deal with different layers like ATM adaption layers(AAL). Laboratory_6 (RIP) RIP: Routing Information Protocol Objective: In this lab we can analyze and configure the Routing Information protocol. R.I.P Overview: Router has to check the packets destination address and determine which output ports is the best choice to the address. By seeing the forwarding table router do the decision. And these algorithms are needed to build routing tables and the forwarding tables. Basic problem of the routing to find the lowest-cost path between two nodes, Where the cost of a path equals to the sum of costs of all edges that make the path. In this laboratory, we will build a network that utilizes RIP as its routing protocol. We will examine the routing tables generated in the routers, and also check that how RIPS is affected by link failures. Procedure: At the first the scenario named as NO_Failure was created. Network was build by using ethernet4_ slip8_gtwy and 100BaseT_LAN objects along with bidirectional 100BaseT_LAN links. After completion router configuration, remaining LANs were added. Then the statistics were chosen to realize the performance of the RIP protocol. Then simulation process was performed. The designed figure is given below : Figure-1 RIP Network (No_Failure) And we have to design a Failure scenario for that duplicate the of scenario 1, with inclusion of link node failure simulations as shown in figure-2. Figure-2 Rip Network (Failure) And after editing the attributes , which develop a link failure between Router 1 and Router 2. Then simulation process was performed. Figure-3 Comparison of number of updates in failure and No_Failure scenario. The above figures shows the number updates those are sent by the router to its routing table and when there is a failure to any other node connected to it as compared to the situation when there is no failure in any of the link. From the obtained graphs we can observe that for NO_Failure the number of updates decrease from 13 to 4 with time by approximately , because the routing table has already gathered information about neighboring nodes and after that only the information is updated that means updates being sent are less. The scenario is similar for failure in starting, but with time when the router senses link failure it again starts updating information in its routing table, the intensity of which is a little bit less then the time when it sensed the failure. RIP Trafic in No_Failure and Failure scenarios Figure-4 Comparison of RIP traffic sent in Failure and NO_Failure. Figure-5 Comparison for RIP sent traffic in failure and No Failure Scenarios. The above two graphs shows the comparison of RIP sent traffic in Failure and No_failure scenario. The above graphs the first represents overlaid comparison and second one is stacked comparison. The failure introduced into the RIP system changes the traffic sent signals and also the traffic received signals. Conclusion: By observing the results we can say that both No_failure and Failure scenarios are having different results and as the time taken for updating the Routing Information protocol is more for Failure scenario compared to NO_Failure scenario .Because the system require acknowledgement and discard the packet and resend it that takes lots of time to updating LAB 7_OSPF: Open Shortest Path First A Routing Protocol Based on the Link-State Algorithm Introduction: This lab lets us to know the working method of OSPF(Open Shortest Path First Protocol). By some analysis and steps in order to know more about this. Aim: To introduce the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. And analyse the performance of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. Then set up a network that utilizes OSPF as its routing protocol. Analyse the routing tables generated in the routers. And observe how the resulting routes are affected by assigning areas and enabling load balancing. Procedure: By following the steps in the maual we can create the new project is done as we can see in the figure 1 Figure 1 create a new scinario After Creating, Configure the Network, Initialize the Network, Configure the Link Costs, Traffic Demands and figure the Routing Protocol and Addresses were completed. After that Configure the Simulation was the obtained results of the run was put it in the figure 2 3. Figure 2 run three simulation Figure 3 the result of simulation After getting the simulation result duplicate the present scenarios (Areas and Balanced Scenarios) and observe the results as shown in the figures 4,56 Results Figure 4 No_Areas Scenario paths from router A to router C Figure 5 No_Areas Scenario paths from router B to router H Figure 6 Area scenario Figure 7 the Balanced Scenario Answer the Question 1) Explain why the Areas and Balanced scenarios result in different routes than those observed in the No_Areas scenario, for the same pair of routers. Sol As the A and C router link is created as a traffic congestion in No_Areas, the packets go to other shortest path A,D,E and C are smaller as compared to A and C. And the cost is also more for A and C when compared to A,D,E and C , those are like 15 for A,D,E and C and A and C is 20.By OSPF protocol the shortest path is chosen. As the loop back interface allows a server and client to communicate on same host by using TCp/Ip the traffic packets between router A and C in the Areas scenario are expanded ,the packet will pass through link router A and C.And as per the load building option the Path cost for A,C,E,G and H and path cost for B,A,D,F and H are equal, So the packet may choose any one. 2) Using the simulation log, examine the generated routing table in Router A for each of the three scenarios. Explain the values assigned to the Metric column of each route. Hints: Refer to the View Results section in Lab 6 for information about examining the routing tables. You will need to set the global attribute IP Interface Addressing Mode to the value Auto Addressed/Export and rerun the simulation. To determine the IP address information for all interfaces, you need to open the Generic Data File that contains the IP addresses and associated with the scenarios. sol No_Areas Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,163.64,0,RouterA > RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA, Network.RouterA RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD RouterE,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterH,168.59,1,RouterB > RouterH,Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG,Campus Network.RouterH RouterG Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA,169.09,2,RouterC > RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterA RouterD Campus COMMON ROUTE TABLE snapshot for: Router name: Campus Network. (Router A) at time: 600.00 seconds ROUTE TABLE contents: Dest. Address Subnet Mask Next Hop Interface Name Metric Protocol Insertion Time 192.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.1 IF0 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.1 IF1 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.4.1 IF2 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.12.1 Loopback 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.2 IF1 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.11.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 35 OSPF 36.496 192.0.14.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.17.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 25 OSPF 36.496 192.0.19.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.9.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.16.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 5 OSPF 36.496 192.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.18.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 Areas scenario Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,163.64,0,RouterA > RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterA RouterC Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterH,168.59,1,RouterB > RouterH,Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG,Campus Network.RouterH RouterG Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA,169.09,2,RouterC > RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterA RouterD COMMON ROUTE TABLE snapshot for: Router name: Campus Network. Router A at time: 600.00 seconds ROUTE TABLE contents: Dest. Address Subnet Mask Next Hop Interface Name Metric Protocol Insertion Time 192.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.1 IF0 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.1 IF1 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.4.1 IF2 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.12.1 Loopback 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.16.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 5 OSPF 36.496 192.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.18.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.9.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.17.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.2 IF1 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.11.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.4.2 IF2 40 OSPF 36.496 192.0.3.2 IF1 40 OSPF 36.496 192.0.14.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.4.2 IF2 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.19.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 25 OSPF 36.496 192.0.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 39.238 Balanced scenario Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,163.64,0,RouterA > RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterA RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD RouterE,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterH,168.59,1,RouterB > RouterH,Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC RouterB,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG RouterE,Campus Network.RouterG,Campus Network.RouterH RouterG Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterH,168.59,1,RouterB > RouterH,Campus Network.RouterB,Campus Network.RouterA RouterB,Campus Network.RouterA,Campus Network.RouterA RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterD RouterF,Campus Network.RouterF,Campus Network.RouterF RouterH Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterA,169.09,2,RouterC > RouterA,Campus Network.RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE RouterC,Campus Network.RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD RouterE,Campus Network.RouterD,Campus Network.RouterA RouterD COMMON ROUTE TABLE snapshot for: Router name: Campus Network. Router A at time: 600.00 seconds ROUTE TABLE contents: Dest. Address Subnet Mask Next Hop Interface Name Metric Protocol Insertion Time 192.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.1 IF0 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.1 IF1 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.4.1 IF2 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.12.1 Loopback 0 Direct 0.000 192.0.13.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.3.2 IF1 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.11.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 35 OSPF 36.496 192.0.14.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.17.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.6.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.7.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.15.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 20 OSPF 36.496 192.0.8.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 25 OSPF 36.496 192.0.19.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.9.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 15 OSPF 36.496 192.0.16.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 5 OSPF 36.496 192.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 192.0.18.0 255.255.255.0 192.0.1.2 IF0 10 OSPF 36.496 When we observe the tables both No_Area and Balanced are having same tables but they are different in Area scenario. And this occurs by some reasons like no traffic in between A and C and the area identifier ,the path will pass as per the identifier and table will be different . 3) OPNET allows you to examine the link-state database that is used by each router to build the directed graph of the network. Examine this database for Router A in the No_ Areas scenario. Show how Router A utilizes this database to create a map for the topology of the network and draw this map. (This is the map that will be used later by the router to create its routing table.) Hints: To export the link-state database of a router, Edit the attributes of the router and set the Link State Database Export parameter (one of the OSPF Parameters, under Processes) to Once at End of Simulation. You will need to set the global attribute IP Interface Addressing Mode to the value Auto Addressed/Export. This will allow you to check the automatically assigned IP addresses to the interfaces of the network. (Refer to the notes of question 2 above.) After rerunning the simulation, you can check the link-state database by opening the simulation log (from the Results menu). The link-state database is available in Classes _ OSPF _ LSDB_Export. Sol No_Areas Link State Database snapshot for: Router Name: Router A at time: 600.00 [Router Links Advertisements for Area 0.0.0.0] Link state advertisement list size: 8 - LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.12.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.12.1 Sequence Number: 47, LSA Age: 3 LSA Timestamp: 22.687 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.12.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.16.1, Link Data: 192.0.1.1, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.1.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.13.1, Link Data: 192.0.3.1, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.3.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.14.1, Link Data: 192.0.4.1, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.4.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.13.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.13.1 Sequence Number: 49, LSA Age: 3 LSA Timestamp: 24.149 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.13.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.12.1, Link Data: 192.0.3.2, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.3.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.14.1, Link Data: 192.0.11.1, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.11.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.14.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.14.1 Sequence Number: 50, LSA Age: 3 LSA Timestamp: 24.149 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.14.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.12.1, Link Data: 192.0.4.2, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.4.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.18.1, Link Data: 192.0.10.1, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.10.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.13.1, Link Data: 192.0.11.2, Link Cost: 20, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.11.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 20, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.17.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.17.1 Sequence Number: 52, LSA Age: 4 LSA Timestamp: 24.239 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.17.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.16.1, Link Data: 192.0.2.2, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.2.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.19.1, Link Data: 192.0.6.1, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.6.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.15.1, Link Data: 192.0.7.2, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.7.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.15.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.15.1 Sequence Number: 51, LSA Age: 5 LSA Timestamp: 24.239 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.15.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.17.1, Link Data: 192.0.7.1, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.7.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.19.1, Link Data: 192.0.8.1, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.8.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.19.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.19.1 Sequence Number: 129, LSA Age: 5 LSA Timestamp: 27.687 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.19.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.17.1, Link Data: 192.0.6.2, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.6.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.15.1, Link Data: 192.0.8.2, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.8.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 10, Link Type: Point-To-Point, Link ID: 192.0.18.1, Link Data: 192.0.9.2, Link Cost: 5, Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.9.0, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 5, LSA Type: Router Links, Link State ID: 192.0.16.1, Adv Router ID: 192.0.16.1 Sequence Number: 130, LSA Age: 3 LSA Timestamp: 27.688 Link Type: Stub Network, Link ID: 192.0.16.1, Link Data: 255.255.255.0, Link Cost: 0, Link Type: Point-To-Po

Reforming Australian Legal Education to match Canadian Essay -- Austra

Legal Education in Australia On January 25, 2005 one of Canada’s most respected law schools, Osgoode Hall Law School of York University (Osgoode), announced the launch of its new LL.B./JD programme with New York University Law School (NYU). The program provides an opportunity for students to earn both a Canadian LL.B. and a U.S. (ABA - American Bar Association approved) JD degree in four years. An LL.B. is a three-year Canadian law degree. A JD is a three-year U.S. law degree. A JD that is â€Å"ABA† approved allows U.S. law graduates to take the bar exam in any U.S. state. The program has been structured so that students will do two back-to-back years at Osgoode and two back-to-back years at New York University Law School. Students will receive both the LL.B. and JD degrees at the end of the fourth year. It is necessary to note that Osgoode Hall is not the only school to enjoin with an American university. Both Windsor and Ottawa have already established bilateral degree arrangements with U.S. law schools. Windsor has partnered with the University of Detroit whereas Ottawa has partnered with both Michigan State University as well as American University in Washington. Effectively, therefore, three of Canada’s seventeen law schools now have agreements with U.S. law schools allowing students to graduate with both Canadian and U.S. law degrees. In addition, McGill University in Montreal awards students both civil and common law degrees in three years. Commentators have suggested that it is only a matter of time before other Canadian schools will seek to establish similar programmes. 2 Like Australia, common law Canada has historically conferred the law qualification in the form of a Bachelor of Laws or LL.B. However, in recent times ... ...donesia. She is a former shop assistant and beauty student from Queensland. She was sentenced on May 27, 2005 and is currently serving her sentence in Kerobokan Prison, Indonesia. Despite the conviction, Corby maintains that the drugs were planted in her bag, and that she did not know about them. Her trial and conviction were a major focus of attention for the Australian media. 2 The ‘Bali Nine’ is the name given to nine Australian citizens arrested on 17 April 2005 in Denpasar on the island of Bali, Indonesia, in a plan to smuggle 8.3kg of heroin valued at approximately $4 million from Indonesia to Australia. Andrew Chan, Si Yi Chen, Michael Czugaj, Renae Lawrence, Tac Duc Thanh Nguyen, Matthew Norman, Scott Rush, Martin Stephens and Myuran Sukumaran, all aged between 18 and 28 at the time of their arrests, were convicted. Several have been handed the death penalty.

Red Bull Marketing Strategy Essay

1. Executive summary Red Bull is most popular energy drink of the world. They sold more than 5 billion cans in 164 countries all over the world in 2013. The brand has a very good image and is category leader. Red Bull is following a high price/quality premium product strategy, but there are a lot of competitors with lower prices liker Monster or Rockstar. The marketing strategy includes a lot of promotion and well-targeted sponsorship, especially with extreme sports. The aim target markets are young urban males ranging from 15 to 30 years old. 2. Introduction to the project  ¹ †Red Bull is an energy drink sold by Austrian company Red Bull GmbH, created in 1987. In terms of market share, Red Bull is the most popular energy drink in the world, with 5.387 billion cans in 2013.†  ¹ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull 04/10/2014 History The idea for drinks enriched with taurine come from japan. Dietrich Mateschitz the inventor of Red Bull imports the idea from Thailand to Europe. During a visit in Thailand he realizes that it was easier to get  over the jetlag with an energy drink. He took this idea and the marketing concept, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of westerners and founded Red Bull GmbH in 1987 in Austria. Based on the good marketing strategy with alternative scenes like techno music, mountainbiking or snowboarding Red Bull got very successful. Product details Red Bull is a lightly carbonated drink that enhances mental and physical activity. The standard serving size of Red Bull is 8 ounces, the serving contains 110 calories, 27 grams of sugar and 80mg of caffeine. Objectives of the paper The following paper is about the situational analysis and recommendation of the marketing plan of Red Bull. It describes the marketing plan that includes the Business Mission Statement, Situation Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Objectives and the target market. Next chapter is about Positioning which explains the process that influences potential customer ´s overall perception of a brand, product line, or an organization general. Furthermore the paper is about the four P ´s that are known as the Marketing Mix: Product, Pricing, Place, Promotion. Last chapter is a little conclusion with recommendations of Red Bull. 3. Marketing Plan 3.1 Business Mission Statement → The foundation of the marketing plan is the mission statement, which answers the question â€Å"What business are we in?†  ² â€Å"We are dedicated to upholding Red Bull standards, while maintaining the leadership position in the energy drinks category when delivering superior customer service in a highly efficient and profitable manner. We create a culture where employees share best practices dedicated to coaching and developing our organization as an employer of choice.†  ²http://joseph-ramos.blogspot.com/2012/09/chapter-1-history-and-mission-statement.html 04/10/2014 Red Bull maintains over 40% of the market share for non-alcoholic energy beverages and has proven to be a strong competitor against soft drink goliaths Coke and Pepsi. The key markets include the United States, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Turkey and Scandinavia. Red Bull is targeting the Western Europe and the USA markets, as well as the growth markets of Brazil, Japan, India and China. 3.2 Situation Analysis → Marketers must understand the current and potential environment in which the product or service will be marketed. Red Bull is present in more than 164 countries throughout the world. That ´s a big challenge for planning, logistic, and cultural receptivity varies from place to place. The products are available all over North America, South America (except Uruguay) and much of Europe. But there is still room to expand to countries in Africa and the southern pacific regions. Focus should be placed on the areas where event tour stops will take place for marketing campaigns. Because event marketing like sponsoring extreme sporting events is an important factor of the marketing strategy. Especially regions which are inherently suited for extreme sporting events should been focused. Sales development graph Red Bull The graph shows the sales development in percent from 2000 to 2012 compared to the previous year. The x-axis indicates the year and the y-axis the sales development.  ³  ³ http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/257247/umfrage/umsatzentwicklung-von-red-bull/ 04/10/2014 3.3 SWOT Analysis → Identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and also examining external opportunities and threat S ⇠¾ Strengths W ⇠¾ Weaknesses O ⇠¾ Opportunities T ⇠¾ Threats Strengths Brand Name: Red Bull is the world ´s most popular energy drink and with effective marketing tools product has created a brand image. The company sponsors extreme sport events, for example Audi Sportsline for the DTM or KTM road and Dakar rally bikes. They also have some team ownerships like New York Red Bulls or FC Red Bull Salzburg (both soccer teams). But the most effective marketing campaign was the foundation from own Red Bull events. A lot of them are very famous; some examples are Red Bull crashed ice, Red Bull cliff diving world-series, Red Bull x-fighters. Category leader: Red Bull has established a strong consistent brand image globally. They created a new product category in the US market and have 40% of market share currently. It is synonymous with energy drinks in many countries. Red Bull is the global market leader within the energy drink industry with the largest sale and market share. Brand quality: Red Bull did not achieve the success and gained maximum market share only because of marketing tactics, because product quality has also shared in this success of the brand. The strong and fresh taste has become a brand identity. Marketing strategy: The company has been employing a lot of promotions and well-targeted campaigns/sponsorship which have greatly helped the brand on past to expand and increase consumer brand awareness. Broad geographic presence: Red Bull has a broad geographic presence, which should ensure positive long-term growth. Recognizable symbol: Red Bull has a strong long-term brand image with strong customer loyalty. Weaknesses High Price: The products are above the average price of energy drinks. Consumers tend to think twice at the time of purchase. Compared to the competitors Red Bull is nearly twice expensive as Monster or Rockstar. Red Bull8.3 fl oz1,99 – 2,25 $ Monster16 fl ozapp. 2,50 $ Rockstar16 fl ozapp. 3,00 $ Category limitations: Compared with other soft drinks companies Red Bull has the smallest product category. The competitors have many other flavor varients and categories. Red Bull is the only brand in the market with limited flavors and offers no variety in the product. Being one brand product, it is difficult to capture the market. For example Monster has 13 different Energy Drinks and 7 Java Drinks. These category is new and is a mixture out if coffee and energy. Lack of Innovation and Unique Selling Position: Within the industry there are number of competitors who are utilizing innovation in product and unique selling product. Red Bull, on the other hand, is less innovative and does not use unique selling position. Copy problematic: Red Bull ´s recipe is subject to copy because of a lack of patent. Demographic development: Most of the Red Bull consumers are under 30, that could be a problem in the future because the demographic development is getting older. Controversial: The r elatively high caffeine and taurine contents makes the brand highly vulnerable to regulatory controls. Opportunities Extension of Product: Red Bull is a single product on the market, there is an opportunity for it to extend its products line by developing more innovative products. Offering new flavors and format could help to improve the market shares. Broaden target group: Because of the demographic development it could be a possibility to broaden the target group to include older demographics by overcoming negative attitudes. For example with healthier products or another style of advertising to response older people. Expansion into more countries: Emerging markets represent newer geographic for Red Bull ´s expansion. The market share in Brazil, Japan, India and China is very low. Red Bull could improve the sales with more advertise in these countries. New advertise campaigns: Red Bull could use non-traditional opportunities in grocery stores and other points of purchase to get more consumers. Or sponsoring other kinds of sport events. New platforms: In-house media production like Red Bull Media House could continue creating Red Bull original content to maximize control. ⠁ ´ Red Bull Media House is a multi-platform media company with a focus on sports, culture, and lifestyle.  As an umbrella brand, we offer a wide range of premium media products and compelling content across media channels as diverse as TV, mobile, digital, audio, and print, with core media offerings that appeal to a global audience. ⠁ ´ http://www.redbullmediahouse.com/company.html 04/10/2014 New production: To make the retail price more competitive Red Bull could build new production facilities in emerging countries. For example Asia or Western Europe could be countries for a cheaper production. Because Red Bull has no own production, a company called â€Å"Rauch† is producing the drink in Austria. Even for exporting Red Bull is not producing a concentrate, instead of they shipping it finished in the cans. This generates high costs for the production and shipping. Threats Giant competitors: The presence of large and giant competitors can affect the market position of Red Bull. Monster represents the biggest threat as it contains natural ingredients, which seems more desirable than Red Bull for some consumers. Consumer awareness of health: In case of consumer awareness related to health, it could be possible that consumer give up to drink Red Bull. Maybe consumers rather drink healthier natural drinks than Red Bull in the future. The market for healthy drinks is getting bigger and more and more people prefer to drink healthy. Aging demographics: The aging target demographic could leave brand with less share in upcoming generations. Negative publicity: The worldwide media reports about Red Bull as harmful for health. Red Bull has high caffeine content in the drink, which if used in excess can be harmful. Moreover in many countries there are strict rules on the products that contains caffeine. Parents also state that some components can be dangerous if consumed by their teenagers. For example Red Bull had been banned in Norway for a couple of years because of the high caffeine content. High marketing costs: Maturity in developed markets makes promotion harder than in the past, including higher marketing cost. Red Bull spends more then one 1,3billion $ in marketing per year. 3.4 Objectives Red Bull has launched a range of products including Red Bull Cola in 2008 and Red Bull Energy Shots in 2009 to reach more customers. Today Red Bull has annual sales of around 4 billion cans in more than 160 countries. Red Bull has a distinctive marketing strategy. This type aims constantly evolve and develop the brand. The company tries to engage with consumers using new and exciting channels of communication. In recent years social media has become a vital marketing tool and it ´s going to be more important in the future. It ´s increasing popularity, predominantly with young audiences has had a huge impact on modern marketing techniques. Negative publicity ⠁ µ Various media worldwide have reported that Red Bull is harmful for one ´s health. The French Health Authority has gone one step further by not approving the Red Bull product sale in France, believing it is not in compliance with the country ´s health and food regulations. Other media reports have ben targeted towards parents stating the caffeine levels in Red Bull can be dangerous if consumed by children/teenagers, who are exactly the products target audience. Red Bull has gone to the extremes of seeking scientific proof that its product is safe for consumption and released numerous statements to curb the negative attention. ⠁ µ http://gives-u-wings.blogspot.com/2012/01/swot-analysis.html 04/10/2014 Inability to move forward with the product Red Bull is known for its innovative advertising. The aim of attracting 15 – 30 year olds is working, but for how long? Combine this with their large investment in extreme sport events the question is what will be their next stop keep on being innovating and attracting. 3.5 Target Markets Red Bull markets to young urban males ranging in age from 15 to 30 years old. These males live in a constantly exciting and adventurous lifestyle. They â€Å" life on the edge† or try and they are usually average build. Red Bull males participate in competitive and extreme sports or any other kind of  adventurous and recreational activities. Competitive games in the video game industry are also gravitating towards the products to keep them alert during tournaments. Red Bull defines the whole of these consumers as Generation Y because they are not only active males but also active students who need the energy to study all night long. Red Bull also have a secondary target market of older consumers in general ranging from 25 to 45 years old. Whether this may be a business executive finishing an annual project or a truck driver. These male came from all walks of life and financial status. They live in suburban and rural areas and have different levels of education. They all share physical and mental exertion in common and getting their adrenaline pumping. There is also fairly new category, it ´s called the clubber. The people find out that Red Bull can be used as a very good with alcohol. In my opinion it is almost impossible to find the right target group, the reason for that is because of the various applications of Red Bull. A typical Red Bull drinker is dynamic and active and most of them are males. 4. Positioning → The development of any marketing mix depends on positioning, a process that influences potential customer ´s overall perception of a brand, product line, or a organization general Red Bull represents a new category of drinks, the energy drinks. The company positioned as a premium/high margin brand. The price is much higher than the products from the competitors, it ´s a premium price product. It is a unique functional drink. Promising and delivering benefits that no other drink can offer. Compared to the competitors Red Bull is nearly twice expensive as Monster or Rockstar. The price expresses superiority od Red Bull and further on it proves that there is no substitute. The positioning policy of Red Bull is: premium product, premium price and premium profitability. 5. Marketing Mix 5.1 Product The normal Red Bull is served in 8 ounces aluminum can. But now their also offer different sizes and flavours. The can has a special form compared to a normal can, it ´s thinner and longer (everybody knows the form). The package design resembles a silver and blue racing flag with two bulls facing each other in the center while the Red Bull title treatment sits beneath. Red Bull used the new can as an innovation for new and attractive packaging. The can is different and unique from other brands in the market. Red Bull is made to improve performance, concentration, reaction speed and vigilance. It contains taurine, glucuronolactone, naturally occurring antioxidants and carbohydrates respectively, that help to detoxify the body. The beverage also helps to revitalize the body through the use of caffeine and B-group vitamins which help to boost energy levels and metabolism. Some people say Red Bull tastes like gummy bear cough syrup, it ´s definitely an acquired taste. The founder Mateschitz says: â€Å" Red Bull isn ´t a drink, it ´s a way of life. 5.2 Pricing The average price for a 8 ounces can is about 1,99 – 2,25 $ in the United States. In other countries the price could be a bit different. Red Bull has always followed high pricing policy. It ´s twice expensive compared to the competitors. But they are selling well that Red Bull does not participate in the price-off regularly seen in different flooded beverage industry. 5.3 Place Red Bull is distributed in almost every supermarket over the world in more than 160 countries. It also has a lot of sponsoring deals with nightclubs, sport clubs, bars and companies. The aim is finding consumers at the right time at the right place in the right situation. They focus on areas where an energy boost is needed. Red Bull believes consumption is driven by situations, not sociodemographics. The entry strategy is based on exclusivity, an offspring if Maslow ´s hierarchy if needs. For example when Red Bull came to the U.S. it focused its pre-seeding efforts in New York City, where the brand was already hyped by the large European influence. Red Bull was well stocked in clubs, where it became the drink of choice. 5.4 Promotion Red Bull is the biggest brand in the energy drink market. They use an aggressive strategy to promote their products. Their two main tools to promote the Red Bull products are sponsoring and free sampling. Red Bull often gives free drinks to attract new costumers. For example at universities or sport events because there are most of the people from the target group. Red Bull send out their sampling girls and boys to deliver free Red Bull. They drive in the famous Red Bull cars und are using the Red Bull fridges. Red Bull also provides sponsorship for numerous parties, social events and especially sport events where they supply free and discounted Red Bull as a quick energy revitalizer and smooth chaser for alcoholic drinks. 6. Conclusions and Recommendation The marketing strategy of Red Bull can be considered as one of the most successful one over the years. The central component in all marketing activities of Red Bull was sponsoring leading athletes of extreme sports and branding refrigerated sales units to complete their marketing strategy. However, in my opinion Red Bull has to change or extend the marketing strategy to compete with other energy drink brands. In the current harsh competition market there are a lot of different energy drinks available. It ´s going to be hard for Red Bull to stay as the first choice energy drink for the costumers. Therefore I think it is time to advertise more in general public to response a bigger target group. They also could use tools like billboards, banner ads or posters to maximize the contact with costumers. I know they are still doing it, but mostly on sport events. Furthermore Red Bull can increase advertises on the Internet. Nowadays most of the people are using the Internet every day and t hey are spending lots of hours for surfing in the world wide web. Red Bull could create some extreme sport online games and advertise on appropriate websites that are quite familiar with students and business people in different countries. To sum up Red Bull has a lot of opportunities to improve their marketing strategy. 10.Bibliography 1. Marketing Strategies, Tactic, and Techniques A Handbook for Practitioners Stuant C. Rogers ISBN: 1-56720-411-2 Published in 2001 2. Wikipedia http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull 04/10/2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull 04/10/2014 3. Red Bull Media House http://www.redbullmediahouse.com 04/10/2014 4. Tagesanzeiger http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wirtschaft/Die_Marketingmaschine_Red_Bull/story/22743400 04/10/2014 5. Red Bull http://www.redbull.com/us/en 04/10/2014 6. Gives u Wings http://gives-u-wings.blogspot.com/2012/01/financial-report.html 04/10/2014 7. Monster Energy http://www.monsterenergy.com 04/10/2014 8. UK Essays http://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/analaysing-current-market-strategy-for-red-bull-and-future-strategies-business-essay.php 04/10/2014 9. Red Bull Marketing Campaign http://www.slideshare.net/CreativeDunning/red-bull-marketing-campaign 04/10/2014 10. Red Bull Situation Analysis http://www.studymode.com/essays/Red-Bull-Situation-Analysis-820871.html 04/10/2014 11. Joseph Ramos http://joseph-ramos.blogspot.com/2012/09/chapter-1-history-and-mission-statement.html 04/10/2014 12. Statista http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/257247/umfrage/umsatzentwicklung-von-red.bull/ 04/10/2014 13. All of the explanations after â€Å"→† are from the book MKTG Student Edition Lamb/Hair/McDaniel ISBN: 978-1-285-09186-0 Published in 2013

How Does the Constitution Guard Form Tyranny? Essay

Imagine being in world where you are forced to wear certain things. Forced to practice the only religion allowed. Imagine not being able to know what you want, when you wanted! The Constitution was made on September 17, 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was made to provide the framework for the U.S. government. It creates things like presidency, the Congress, and the Supreme Court. From May to September of 1787, men known as framers were thinking of how to make this Constitution. How does the Constitution guard from tyranny? Well first off, a tyranny is when a ruler goes a little crazy with the power given to him/her to rule over the country. The Constitution guards it with the Bill of Rights. Without the Constitution, the U.S. would be under tyrannical law. I say this because without the first amendment (which is, in fact, in the Constitution), we wouldn’t have freedom of religion that means that you would have to practice whatever religion the government wanted you to. Without freedom of speech, we would be forced to say what the government wanted us to against our own will, etc. Without the Bill of Rights (which is in the Constitution too), the government could do whatever they wanted whenever they wanted which gives them too much power, which is a tyranny. So again, how does the Constitution guard against tyranny? By giving us human rights that we are allowed to do as a U.S. citizen. In the Constitution, it says that we must have 3 branches of government. Separation of powers. The federal government is separated into 3 branches, Executive, Judicial, and Legislative. Each branch has its own powers. No one can run the government by itself. This protects against tyranny by not allowing 1 person to rule over everything or to have too much power. There are checks and balances that prevent this from happening. Checks and balances prevent tyranny from happening. Each of the branches has its own power and each branch can check on another branch to make sure that they aren’t overpowering. So big decisions, like passing a law, require cooperation of all branches. So if therefore, going back to the main question, â€Å"how does the Constitution guard against tyranny?† the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches block each other from abusing too much power. The Executive can veto legislation and appoint justices. The Legislative is the only one that can make laws and overturn vetoes. The Judicial branch can declare laws and executive actions unconstitutional voiding them. So no one can be too overpowering. Federalism is in the Constitution, because that would be the pursuit of happiness. Federalism is when all the states join together to form a federal government, which has certain powers over the states. The states are not sovereign. It leaves many powers to the states. Thus, if you find too much power in one state, you can move to another. Of course, one mans tyranny is another mans unlighted government, so your mileage may vary. So in my conclusion, the Constitution in fact, DOES prevent tyranny and it gives freedoms and the Constitution is the reason we are who we are today. Sources: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1316376/posts http://davidsrdg0910.edublogs.org/2011/04/05/how-did-the-constitution-guard-against-tyranny/ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_the_constitution_guard_against_tyranny http://collab2.hawthorn73.org/users/zhanjef/weblog/50d07/